Phys. Rev. D 69, 102001 (2004) [21 pages]
First upper limits from LIGO on gravitational wave bursts
B. Abbott et al. (LIGO Scientific Collaboration)
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B. Abbott13, R. Abbott16, R. Adhikari14, A. Ageev21,28, B. Allen40, R. Amin35, S. B. Anderson13, W. G. Anderson30, M. Araya13, H. Armandula13, F. Asiri13 *, P. Aufmuth32, C. Aulbert1, S. Babak7, R. Balasubramanian7, S. Ballmer14, B. C. Barish13, D. Barker15, C. Barker-Patton15, M. Barnes13, B. Barr36, M. A. Barton13, K. Bayer14, R. Beausoleil27 †, K. Belczynski24, R. Bennett36 ‡, S. J. Berukoff1 §, J. Betzwieser14, B. Bhawal13, I. A. Bilenko21, G. Billingsley13, E. Black13, K. Blackburn13, B. Bland-Weaver15, B. Bochner14 **, L. Bogue13, R. Bork13, S. Bose41, P. R. Brady40, V. B. Braginsky21, J. E. Brau38, D. A. Brown40, S. Brozek32 ††, A. Bullington27, A. Buonanno6 ‡‡, R. Burgess14, D. Busby13, W. E. Butler39, R. L. Byer27, L. Cadonati14, G. Cagnoli36, J. B. Camp22, C. A. Cantley36, L. Cardenas13, K. Carter16, M. M. Casey36, J. Castiglione35, A. Chandler13, J. Chapsky13 ¶, P. Charlton13, S. Chatterji14, Y. Chen6, V. Chickarmane17, D. Chin37, N. Christensen8, D. Churches7, C. Colacino32,2, R. Coldwell35, M. Coles16 a, D. Cook15, T. Corbitt14, D. Coyne13, J. D. E. Creighton40, T. D. Creighton13, D. R. M. Crooks36, P. Csatorday14, B. J. Cusack3, C. Cutler1, E. D’Ambrosio13, K. Danzmann32,2,22, R. Davies7, E. Daw17 b, D. DeBra27, T. Delker35 c, R. DeSalvo13, S. Dhurandhar12, M. Díaz30, H. Ding13, R. W. P. Drever4, R. J. Dupuis36, C. Ebeling8, J. Edlund13, P. Ehrens13, E. J. Elliffe36, T. Etzel13, M. Evans13, T. Evans16, C. Fallnich32, D. Farnham13, M. M. Fejer27, M. Fine13, L. S. Finn29, E. Flanagan9, A. Freise2 d, R. Frey38, P. Fritschel14, V. Frolov16, M. Fyffe16, K. S. Ganezer5, J. A. Giaime17, A. Gillespie13 e, K. Goda14, G. González17, S. Goßler32, P. Grandclément24, A. Grant36, C. Gray15, A. M. Gretarsson16, D. Grimmett13, H. Grote2, S. Grunewald1, M. Guenther15, E. Gustafson27 f, R. Gustafson37, W. O. Hamilton17, M. Hammond16, J. Hanson16, C. Hardham27, G. Harry14, A. Hartunian13, J. Heefner13, Y. Hefetz14, G. Heinzel2, I. S. Heng32, M. Hennessy27, N. Hepler29, A. Heptonstall36, M. Heurs32, M. Hewitson36, N. Hindman15, P. Hoang13, J. Hough36, M. Hrynevych13 g, W. Hua27, R. Ingley34, M. Ito38, Y. Itoh1, A. Ivanov13, O. Jennrich36 h, W. W. Johnson17, W. Johnston30, L. Jones13, D. Jungwirth13 ‡‡, V. Kalogera24, E. Katsavounidis14, K. Kawabe20,2, S. Kawamura23, W. Kells13, J. Kern16, A. Khan16, S. Killbourn36, C. J. Killow36, C. Kim24, C. King13, P. King13, S. Klimenko35, P. Kloevekorn2, S. Koranda40, K. Kötter32, J. Kovalik16, D. Kozak13, B. Krishnan1, M. Landry15, J. Langdale16, B. Lantz27, R. Lawrence14, A. Lazzarini13, M. Lei13, V. Leonhardt32, I. Leonor38, K. Libbrecht13, P. Lindquist13, S. Liu13, J. Logan13 i, M. Lormand16, M. Lubinski15, H. Lück32,2, T. T. Lyons13 i, B. Machenschalk1, M. MacInnis14, M. Mageswaran13, K. Mailand13, W. Majid13 ¶, M. Malec32, F. Mann13, A. Marin14 j, S. Márka13, E. Maros13, J. Mason13 k, K. Mason14, O. Matherny15, L. Matone15, N. Mavalvala14, R. McCarthy15, D. E. McClelland3, M. McHugh19, P. McNamara36 l, G. Mendell15, S. Meshkov13, C. Messenger34, V. P. Mitrofanov21, G. Mitselmakher35, R. Mittleman14, O. Miyakawa13, S. Miyoki13 m, S. Mohanty1 n, G. Moreno15, K. Mossavi2, B. Mours13 o, G. Mueller35, S. Mukherjee1 n, J. Myers15, S. Nagano2, T. Nash10 p, H. Naundorf1, R. Nayak12, G. Newton36, F. Nocera13, P. Nutzman24, T. Olson25, B. O’Reilly16, D. J. Ottaway14, A. Ottewill40 q, D. Ouimette13 r, H. Overmier16, B. J. Owen29, M. A. Papa1, C. Parameswariah16, V. Parameswariah15, M. Pedraza13, S. Penn11, M. Pitkin36, M. Plissi36, M. Pratt14, V. Quetschke32, F. Raab15, H. Radkins15, R. Rahkola38, M. Rakhmanov35, S. R. Rao13, D. Redding13 ¶, M. W. Regehr13 ¶, T. Regimbau14, K. T. Reilly13, K. Reithmaier13, D. H. Reitze35, S. Richman14 s, R. Riesen16, K. Riles37, A. Rizzi16 t, D. I. Robertson36, N. A. Robertson36,27, L. Robison13, S. Roddy16, J. Rollins14, J. D. Romano30 u, J. Romie13, H. Rong13 e, D. Rose13, E. Rotthoff29, S. Rowan36, A. Rüdiger20,2, P. Russell13, K. Ryan15, I. Salzman13, G. H. Sanders13, V. Sannibale13, B. Sathyaprakash7, P. R. Saulson28, R. Savage15, A. Sazonov35, R. Schilling20,2, K. Schlaufman29, V. Schmidt13 v, R. Schofield38, M. Schrempel32 w, B. F. Schutz1,7, P. Schwinberg15, S. M. Scott3, A. C. Searle3, B. Sears13, S. Seel13, A. S. Sengupta12, C. A. Shapiro29 x, P. Shawhan13, D. H. Shoemaker14, Q. Z. Shu35 y, A. Sibley16, X. Siemens40, L. Sievers13 ¶, D. Sigg15, A. M. Sintes1,33, K. Skeldon36, J. R. Smith2, M. Smith14, M. R. Smith13, P. Sneddon36, R. Spero13 ¶, G. Stapfer16, K. A. Strain36, D. Strom38, A. Stuver29, T. Summerscales29, M. C. Sumner13, P. J. Sutton29 p, J. Sylvestre13, A. Takamori13, D. B. Tanner35, H. Tariq13, I. Taylor7, R. Taylor13, K. S. Thorne6, M. Tibbits29, S. Tilav13 z, M. Tinto4 ¶, K. V. Tokmakov21, C. Torres30, C. Torrie13,36, S. Traeger32 , G. Traylor16, W. Tyler13, D. Ugolini31, M. Vallisneri6 , M. van Putten14, S. Vass13, A. Vecchio34, C. Vorvick15, S. P. Vyachanin21, L. Wallace13, H. Walther20, H. Ward36, B. Ware13 ¶, K. Watts16, D. Webber13, A. Weidner20,2, U. Weiland32, A. Weinstein13, R. Weiss14, H. Welling32, L. Wen13, S. Wen17, J. T. Whelan19, S. E. Whitcomb13, B. F. Whiting35, P. A. Willems13, P. R. Williams1 , R. Williams4, B. Willke32,2, A. Wilson13, B. J. Winjum29 §, W. Winkler20,2, S. Wise35, A. G. Wiseman40, G. Woan36, R. Wooley16, J. Worden15, I. Yakushin16, H. Yamamoto13, S. Yoshida26, I. Zawischa32 , L. Zhang13, N. Zotov18, M. Zucker16, and J. Zweizig13 (LIGO Scientific Collaboration)
1Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-14476 Golm, Germany
2Albert-Einstein-Institut, Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
3Australian National University, Canberra, 0200, Australia
4California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
5California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
6Caltech-CaRT, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
7Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF2 3YB, United Kingdom
8Carleton College, Northfield, Minnesota 55057, USA
9Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
10Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, Batavia, Illinois 60510, USA
11Hobart and William Smith Colleges, Geneva, New York 14456, USA
12Inter-University Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune - 411007, India
13LIGO - California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
14LIGO - Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
15LIGO Hanford Observatory, Richland, Washington 99352, USA
16LIGO Livingston Observatory, Livingston, Louisiana 70754, USA
17Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70803, USA
18Louisiana Tech University, Ruston, Louisiana 71272, USA
19Loyola University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70118, USA
20Max Planck Institut für Quantenoptik, D-85748, Garching, Germany
21Moscow State University, Moscow, 119992, Russia
22NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland 20771, USA
23National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, Tokyo 181-8588, Japan
24Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
25Salish Kootenai College, Pablo, Montana 59855, USA
26Southeastern Louisiana University, Hammond, Louisiana 70402, USA
27Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
28Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
29The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
30The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College, Brownsville, Texas 78520, USA
31Trinity University, San Antonio, Texas 78212, USA
32Universität Hannover, D-30167 Hannover, Germany
33Universitat de les Illes Balears, E-07071 Palma de Mallorca, Spain
34University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom
35University of Florida, Gainsville, Florida 32611, USA
36University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
37University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA
38University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403, USA
39University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14627, USA
40University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin 53201, USA
41Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
Received 7 January 2004; published 7 May 2004
We report on a search for gravitational wave bursts using data from the first science run of the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory (LIGO) detectors. Our search focuses on bursts with durations ranging from 4 to 100 ms, and with significant power in the LIGO sensitivity band of 150 to 3000 Hz. We bound the rate for such detected bursts at less than 1.6 events per day at a 90% confidence level. This result is interpreted in terms of the detection efficiency for ad hoc waveforms (Gaussians and sine Gaussians) as a function of their root-sum-square strain hrss; typical sensitivities lie in the range hrss∼10-19–10-17 strain/sqrt[Hz], depending on the waveform. We discuss improvements in the search method that will be applied to future science data from LIGO and other gravitational wave detectors.
©2004 The American Physical Society
URL: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevD.69.102001
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevD.69.102001
PACS: 04.80.Nn, 07.05.Kf, 95.30.Sf, 95.85.Sz
* Currently at Stanford Linear Accelerator Center.
† Permanent Address: HP Laboratories.
‡ Currently at Rutherford Appleton Laboratory.
§ Currently at University of California, Los Angeles.
** Currently at Hofstra University.
†† Currently at Siemens AG.
‡‡ Permanent Address: GReCO, Institut d’Astrophysique de Paris (CNRS).
¶ Currently at NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
a Currently at National Science Foundation.
b Currently at University of Sheffield.
c Currently at Ball Aerospace Corporation.
d Currently at European Gravitational Observatory.
e Currently at Intel Corp.
f Currently at Lightconnect Inc.
g Currently at Keck Observatory.
h Currently at ESA Science and Technology Center.
i Currently at Raytheon Corporation.
j Currently at Mission Research Corporation.
k Currently at Harvard University.
l Currently at Lockheed-Martin Corporation.
m Currently at NASA Goddard Space Flight Center.
n Permanent Address: University of Tokyo, Institute for Cosmic Ray Research.
o Currently at The University of Texas at Brownsville and Texas Southmost College.
p Currently at Laboratoire d’Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules.
q Currently at LIGO - California Institute of Technology.
r Permanent Address: University College Dublin.
s Currently at Research Electro-Optics Inc.
t Currently at Institute of Advanced Physics, Baton Rouge, LA.
u Currently at Cardiff University.
v Currently at European Commission, DG Research, Brussels, Belgium.
w Currently at Spectra Physics Corporation.
x Currently at University of Chicago.
y Currently at LightBit Corporation.
z Currently at University of Delaware.
Currently at Carl Zeiss GmbH.
Permanent Address: NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory.
Currently at Shanghai Astronomical Observatory.
Currently at Laser Zentrum Hannover.
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