Observation of Exclusive Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering in Polarized Electron Beam Asymmetry Measurements

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S. Stepanyan^1,2, V. D. Burkert², L. Elouadrhiri^1,2, G. S. Adams²⁸, E. Anciant⁷, M. Anghinolfi¹⁵, B. Asavapibhop²⁰, G. Audit⁷, T. Auger⁷, H. Avakian¹⁴, J. Ball³, S. Barrow¹³, M. Battaglieri¹⁵, K. Beard¹⁸, M. Bektasoglu²⁵, P. Bertin⁹, N. Bianchi¹⁴, A. Biselli²⁸, S. Boiarinov¹⁷, B. E. Bonner²⁹, S. Bouchigny^2,26, D. Branford¹¹, W. K. Brooks², J. R. Calarco²², D. S. Carman²⁴, B. Carnahan⁶, L. Ciciani²⁵, P. L. Cole^32,2, A. Coleman^{35 *}, D. Cords², P. Corvisiero¹⁵, D. Crabb³³, H. Crannell⁶, J. Cummings²⁸, P. V. Degtiarenko², H. Denizli²⁷, L. C. Dennis¹³, E. De Sanctis¹⁴, R. DeVita¹⁵, K. V. Dharmawardane²⁵, C. Djalali³¹, G. E. Dodge²⁵, D. Doré⁷, D. Doughty^1,2, P. Dragovitsch¹³, S. Dytman²⁷, M. Eckhause³⁵, H. Egiyan³⁵, K. S. Egiyan³⁶, A. Empl²⁸, R. Fatemi³³, R. J. Feuerbach⁵, J. Ficenec³⁴, K. Fissum²¹, T. A. Forest²⁵, A. P. Freyberger²⁵, H. Funsten³⁵, S. Gaff¹⁰, M. Gai⁸, M. Garçon⁷, G. Gavalian^{36 †}, S. Gilad²¹, G. P. Gilfoyle³⁰, K. Giovanetti¹⁸, P. Girard³¹, K. A. Griffioen³⁵, M. Guidal²⁶, M. Guillo³¹, V. Gyurjyan², C. Hadjidakis²⁶, J. Hardie^1,2, D. Heddle^1,2, F. W. Hersman²², K. Hicks²⁴, R. S. Hicks²⁰, M. Holtrop²², J. Hu²⁸, C. E. Hyde-Wright²⁵, M. M. Ito², D. Jenkins³⁴, K. Joo^{33 ‡}, J. Kelley¹⁰, M. Khandaker²³, D. H. Kim¹⁹, K. Kim¹⁹, K. Y. Kim²⁷, W. Kim¹⁹, A. Klein²⁵, F. J. Klein², M. Klusman²⁸, M. Kossov¹⁷, L. H. Kramer^12,2, S. E. Kuhn²⁵, J. M. Laget⁷, D. Lawrence²⁰, A. Longhi⁶, K. Lukashin^{32,2 §}, J. J. Manak^{2 **}, C. Marchand⁷, S. McAleer¹³, J. McCarthy³³, J. W. C. McNabb⁵, B. A. Mecking², M. D. Mestayer², C. A. Meyer⁵, K. Mikhailov¹⁷, R. Minehart³³, M. Mirazita¹⁴, R. Miskimen²⁰, L. Morand⁷, V. Muccifora¹⁴, J. Mueller²⁷, G. S. Mutchler²⁹, J. Napolitano²⁸, S. Nelson¹⁰, S. Niccolai¹⁶, G. Niculescu²⁴, I. Niculescu¹⁶, R. A. Niyazov²⁵, A. Opper²⁴, G. O'Rielly¹⁶, J. T. O'Brien⁶, K. Park¹⁹, E. Pasyuk³, G. A. Peterson²⁰, S. Philips¹⁶, N. Pivnyuk¹⁷, D. Pocanic³³, O. Pogorelko¹⁷, E. Polli¹⁴, I. Popa¹⁶, S. Pozdniakov¹⁷, B. M. Preedom³¹, J. W. Price³¹, D. Protopopescu²², L. M. Qin²⁵, B. A. Raue^12,2, A. R. Reolon¹⁴, G. Riccardi¹³, G. Ricco¹⁵, M. Ripani¹⁵, B. G. Ritchie³, F. Ronchetti¹⁴, P. Rossi¹⁴, D. Rowntree²¹, P. D. Rubin³⁰, F. Sabatié^7,25, K. Sabourov¹⁰, C. W. Salgado^23,2, V. Sapunenko¹⁵, R. A. Schumacher⁵, V. Serov¹⁷, Y. G. Sharabian^36,2, J. Shaw²⁰, S. Simionatto¹⁶, A. Skabelin²¹, E. S. Smith², L. C. Smith³³, D. I. Sober⁶, A. Stavinsky¹⁷, P. Stoler²⁸, I. I. Strakovsky¹⁶, R. Suleiman²¹, M. Taiuti¹⁵, S. Taylor²⁹, D. Tedeschi^31,2, R. Thompson²⁷, L. Todor⁵, M. F. Vineyard³⁰, A. Vlassov¹⁷, K. Wang³³, H. Weller¹⁰, L. B. Weinstein²⁵, R. Welsh³⁵, D. P. Weygand², S. Whisnant³¹, E. Wolin², A. Yegneswaran², J. Yun²⁵, J. Zhao²¹, B. Zhang²¹, and Z. Zhou²¹ (CLAS Collaboration)
¹Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606
²Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606
³Arizona State University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Tempe, Arizona 85287
⁴University of California at Los Angeles, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Los Angeles, CA 90095
⁵Carnegie Mellon University, Department of Physics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213
⁶Catholic University of America, Department of Physics, Washington, D.C. 20064
⁷CEA Saclay, DAPNIA-SPhN, F91191 Gif-sur-Yvette Cedex, France
⁸University of Connecticut, Physics Department, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
⁹University Blaise Pascal/IN2P3, Aubiere Cedex, France
¹⁰Duke University, Physics Department, Durham, North Carolina 27706
¹¹Edinburgh University, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
¹²Florida International University, Department of Physics, Miami, Florida 33199
¹³Florida State University, Department of Physics, Tallahassee, Florida 32306
¹⁴Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, C.P. 13, 00044 Frascati, Italy
¹⁵Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Genova e Dipartimento di Fisica dell'Universita, 16146 Genova, Italy
¹⁶The George Washington University, Department of Physics, Washington, D.C. 20052
¹⁷Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117259, Russia
¹⁸James Madison University, Department of Physics, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807
¹⁹Kyungpook National University, Department of Physics, Taegu 702-701, South Korea
²⁰University of Massachusetts, Department of Physics, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
²¹MIT-Bates Linear Accelerator, Middleton, Massachusetts 01949
²²University of New Hampshire, Department of Physics, Durham, New Hampshire 03824
²³Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504
²⁴Ohio University, Department of Physics, Athens, Ohio 45701
²⁵Old Dominion University, Department of Physics, Norfolk, Virginia 23529
²⁶Institut de Physique Nucleaire d'Orsay, IN2P3, BP 1, 91406 Orsay, France
²⁷University of Pittsburgh, Department of Physics, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260
²⁸Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Department of Physics, Troy, New York 12181
²⁹Rice University, T.W. Bonner Nuclear Laboratory, Houston, Texas 77005-1892
³⁰University of Richmond, Department of Physics, Richmond, Virginia 23173
³¹University of South Carolina, Department of Physics, Columbia, South Carolina 29208
³²University of Texas, Department of Physics, El Paso, Texas 79968
³³University of Virginia, Department of Physics, Charlottesville, Virginia 22903
³⁴Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Department of Physics, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061
³⁵College of William and Mary, Department of Physics, Williamsburg, Virginia 23185
³⁶Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia