Phys. Rev. Lett. 92, 062301 (2004) [6 pages]
Azimuthal Anisotropy at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider: The First and Fourth Harmonics
J. Adams et al. STAR Collaboration
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J. Adams3, C. Adler12, M. M. Aggarwal25, Z. Ahammed38, J. Amonett17, B. D. Anderson17, M. Anderson5, D. Arkhipkin11, G. S. Averichev10, S. K. Badyal16, J. Balewski13, O. Barannikova28,10, L. S. Barnby3, J. Baudot15, S. Bekele24, V. V. Belaga10, R. Bellwied41, J. Berger12, B. I. Bezverkhny43, S. Bhardwaj29, P. Bhaskar38, A. K. Bhati25, H. Bichsel40, A. Billmeier41, L. C. Bland2, C. O. Blyth3, B. E. Bonner30, M. Botje23, A. Boucham34, A. Brandin21, A. Bravar2, R. V. Cadman1, X. Z. Cai33, H. Caines43, M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez2, J. Carroll18, J. Castillo18, M. Castro41, D. Cebra5, P. Chaloupka9, S. Chattopadhyay38, H. F. Chen32, Y. Chen6, S. P. Chernenko10, M. Cherney8, A. Chikanian43, B. Choi36, W. Christie2, J. P. Coffin15, T. M. Cormier41, J. G. Cramer40, H. J. Crawford4, D. Das38, S. Das38, A. A. Derevschikov27, L. Didenko2, T. Dietel12, W. J. Dong6, X. Dong32,18, J. E. Draper5, F. Du43, A. K. Dubey14, V. B. Dunin10, J. C. Dunlop2, M. R. Dutta Majumdar38, V. Eckardt19, L. G. Efimov10, V. Emelianov21, J. Engelage4, G. Eppley30, B. Erazmus34, M. Estienne34, P. Fachini2, V. Faine2, J. Faivre15, R. Fatemi13, K. Filimonov18, P. Filip9, E. Finch43, Y. Fisyak2, D. Flierl12, K. J. Foley2, J. Fu42, C. A. Gagliardi35, N. Gagunashvili10, J. Gans43, M. S. Ganti38, L. Gaudichet34, M. Germain15, F. Geurts30, V. Ghazikhanian6, P. Ghosh38, J. E. Gonzalez6, O. Grachov41, V. Grigoriev21, S. Gronstal8, D. Grosnick37, M. Guedon15, S. M. Guertin6, A. Gupta16, E. Gushin21, T. D. Gutierrez5, T. J. Hallman2, D. Hardtke18, J. W. Harris43, M. Heinz43, T. W. Henry35, S. Heppelmann26, T. Herston28, B. Hippolyte43, A. Hirsch28, E. Hjort18, G. W. Hoffmann36, M. Horsley43, H. Z. Huang6, S. L. Huang32, T. J. Humanic24, G. Igo6, A. Ishihara36, P. Jacobs18, W. W. Jacobs13, M. Janik39, H. Jiang6,18, I. Johnson18, P. G. Jones3, E. G. Judd4, S. Kabana43, M. Kaneta18, M. Kaplan7, D. Keane17, V. Yu. Khodyrev27, J. Kiryluk6, A. Kisiel39, J. Klay18, S. R. Klein18, A. Klyachko13, D. D. Koetke37, T. Kollegger12, M. Kopytine17, L. Kotchenda21, A. D. Kovalenko10, M. Kramer22, P. Kravtsov21, V. I. Kravtsov27, K. Krueger1, C. Kuhn15, A. I. Kulikov10, A. Kumar25, G. J. Kunde43, C. L. Kunz7, R. Kh. Kutuev11, A. A. Kuznetsov10, M. A. C. Lamont3, J. M. Landgraf2, S. Lange12, C. P. Lansdell36, B. Lasiuk43, F. Laue2, J. Lauret2, A. Lebedev2, R. Lednický10, M. J. LeVine2, C. Li32, Q. Li41, S. J. Lindenbaum22, M. A. Lisa24, F. Liu42, L. Liu42, Z. Liu42, Q. J. Liu40, T. Ljubicic2, W. J. Llope30, H. Long6, R. S. Longacre2, M. Lopez-Noriega24, W. A. Love2, T. Ludlam2, D. Lynn2, J. Ma6, Y. G. Ma33, D. Magestro24, S. Mahajan16, L. K. Mangotra16, D. P. Mahapatra14, R. Majka43, R. Manweiler37, S. Margetis17, C. Markert43, L. Martin34, J. Marx18, H. S. Matis18, Yu. A. Matulenko27, T. S. McShane8, F. Meissner18, Yu. Melnick27, A. Meschanin27, M. Messer2, M. L. Miller43, Z. Milosevich7, N. G. Minaev27, C. Mironov17, D. Mishra14, J. Mitchell30, B. Mohanty38, L. Molnar28, C. F. Moore36, M. J. Mora-Corral19, D. A. Morozov27, V. Morozov18, M. M. de Moura31, M. G. Munhoz31, B. K. Nandi38, S. K. Nayak16, T. K. Nayak38, J. M. Nelson3, P. Nevski2, V. A. Nikitin11, L. V. Nogach27, B. Norman17, S. B. Nurushev27, G. Odyniec18, A. Ogawa2, V. Okorokov21, M. Oldenburg18, D. Olson18, G. Paic24, S. U. Pandey41, S. K. Pal38, Y. Panebratsev10, S. Y. Panitkin2, A. I. Pavlinov41, T. Pawlak39, V. Perevoztchikov2, C. Perkins4, W. Peryt39, V. A. Petrov11, S. C. Phatak14, R. Picha5, M. Planinic44, J. Pluta39, N. Porile28, J. Porter2, A. M. Poskanzer18, M. Potekhin2, E. Potrebenikova10, B. V. K. S. Potukuchi16, D. Prindle40, C. Pruneau41, J. Putschke19, G. Rai18, G. Rakness13, R. Raniwala29, S. Raniwala29, O. Ravel34, R. L. Ray36, S. V. Razin10,13, D. Reichhold28, J. G. Reid40, G. Renault34, F. Retiere18, A. Ridiger21, H. G. Ritter18, J. B. Roberts30, O. V. Rogachevski10, J. L. Romero5, A. Rose41, C. Roy34, L. J. Ruan32,2, R. Sahoo14, I. Sakrejda18, S. Salur43, J. Sandweiss43, I. Savin11, J. Schambach36, R. P. Scharenberg28, N. Schmitz19, L. S. Schroeder18, K. Schweda18, J. Seger8, D. Seliverstov21, P. Seyboth19, E. Shahaliev10, M. Shao32, M. Sharma25, K. E. Shestermanov27, S. S. Shimanskii10, R. N. Singaraju38, F. Simon19, G. Skoro10, N. Smirnov43, R. Snellings23, G. Sood25, P. Sorensen18, J. Sowinski13, H. M. Spinka1, B. Srivastava28, S. Stanislaus37, R. Stock12, A. Stolpovsky41, M. Strikhanov21, B. Stringfellow28, C. Struck12, A. A. P. Suaide31, E. Sugarbaker24, C. Suire2, M. Šumbera9, B. Surrow2, T. J. M. Symons18, A. Szanto de Toledo31, P. Szarwas39, A. Tai6, J. Takahashi31, A. H. Tang2,23, D. Thein6, J. H. Thomas18, V. Tikhomirov21, M. Tokarev10, M. B. Tonjes20, T. A. Trainor40, S. Trentalange6, R. E. Tribble35, M. D. Trivedi38, V. Trofimov21, O. Tsai6, T. Ullrich2, D. G. Underwood1, G. Van Buren2, A. M. VanderMolen20, A. N. Vasiliev27, M. Vasiliev35, S. E. Vigdor13, Y. P. Viyogi38, S. A. Voloshin41, W. Waggoner8, F. Wang28, G. Wang17, X. L. Wang32, Z. M. Wang32, H. Ward36, J. W. Watson17, R. Wells24, G. D. Westfall20, C. Whitten, Jr.6, H. Wieman18, R. Willson24, S. W. Wissink13, R. Witt43, J. Wood6, J. Wu32, N. Xu18, Z. Xu2, Z. Z. Xu32, E. Yamamoto18, P. Yepes30, V. I. Yurevich10, Y. V. Zanevski10, I. Zborovský9, H. Zhang43,2, W. M. Zhang17, Z. P. Zhang32, P. A. Żołnierczuk13, R. Zoulkarneev11, J. Zoulkarneeva11, and A. N. Zubarev10 (STAR Collaboration)
1Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
2Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, USA
3University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
4University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
5University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA
6University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
7Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
8Creighton University, Omaha, Nebraska 68178, USA
9Nuclear Physics Institute AS CR, Řež/Prague, Czech Republic
10Laboratory for High Energy (JINR), Dubna, Russia
11Particle Physics Laboratory (JINR), Dubna, Russia
12University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
13Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana 47408, USA
14Insitute of Physics, Bhubaneswar 751005, India
15Institut de Recherches Subatomiques, Strasbourg, France
16University of Jammu, Jammu 180001, India
17Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
18Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
19Max-Planck-Institut für Physik, Munich, Germany
20Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824, USA
21Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow, Russia
22City College of New York, New York City, New York 10031, USA
23NIKHEF, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
24The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
25Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
26Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
27Institute of High Energy Physics, Protvino, Russia
28Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana 47907, USA
29University of Rajasthan, Jaipur 302004, India
30Rice University, Houston, Texas 77251, USA
31Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
32University of Science & Technology of China, Anhui 230027, China
33Shanghai Institute of Nuclear Research, Shanghai 201800, People’s Republic of China
34SUBATECH, Nantes, France
35Texas A&M, College Station, Texas 77843, USA
36University of Texas, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
37Valparaiso University, Valparaiso, Indiana 46383, USA
38Variable Energy Cyclotron Centre, Kolkata 700064, India
39Warsaw University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland
40University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, USA
41Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA
42Institute of Particle Physics, CCNU (HZNU), Wuhan, 430079 China
43Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06520, USA
44University of Zagreb, Zagreb, HR-10002, Croatia
Received 28 October 2003; published 12 February 2004
We report the first observations of the first harmonic (directed flow, v1) and the fourth harmonic (v4), in the azimuthal distribution of particles with respect to the reaction plane in Au+Au collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Both measurements were done taking advantage of the large elliptic flow (v2) generated at RHIC. From the correlation of v2 with v1 it is determined that v2 is positive, or in-plane. The integrated v4 is about a factor of 10 smaller than v2. For the sixth (v6) and eighth (v8) harmonics upper limits on the magnitudes are reported.
©2004 The American Physical Society
URL: http://link.aps.org/doi/10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.062301
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.062301
PACS: 25.75.Ld
* Electronic address: www.star.bnl.gov
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