The search for direct CP violation

The formalism necessary to understand the phenomenon of CP nonconservation as observed in the neutral-kaon system is presented. The distinction between indirect CP violation and direct CP violation is made, and the level of understanding of the phenomenon in the standard model is reviewed. Attention is placed on new experimental efforts that could definitely establish a first-order or direct effect. The authors analyze the potential for such an observation in both kaon and B-meson decays and give the range of predictions from the standard model. Other possible models are considered briefly.